Seasonal Variability and Risk Assessment of Atmospheric Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Hydroxylated Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Kanazawa, Japan

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and hydroxylated PAHs (OH-PAHs) are ubiquitous atmospheric pollutants that a concern because of their endocrine disrupting activities. In this study, seasonal air sampling was conducted in 2017 2018 Kanazawa, Ishikawa Prefecture, Japan. The concentrations variations OH-PAHs were analyzed, health risks individual congeners evaluated based on relative activity. showed trends with higher the winter (daily average ± standard deviation: 1.00 0.26 ng/m3 for 75.06 23.38 pg/m3 OH-PAHs) lower summer (0.30 0.09 17.08 4.83 OH-PAHs). There significant positive correlations between OH-PAHs. Additionally, risk from potential each OH-PAH using estrogenic antiestrogenic four rings, such as OH-chrysenes OH-benz[a]anthracene, had particularly high risks. These results suggest organisms thus warrant further research.